Educational games from 0 to 1 year. Games for children from birth to one year

EXERCISES TO DEVELOP A CHILD'S ABILITY TO HOLD THE HEAD

In the motor development of a child in the first year of life, the timely formation of the ability to hold his head is of utmost importance. If a child does not hold his head up by two or three months, then a whole chain of unfavorable factors is formed: the development of visual perception and the vestibular apparatus is disrupted, and the ability to distribute the tone of the muscles that ensure the act of sitting is not developed. As a result, the entire pattern of motor development, which is closely connected with intellectual development, is distorted.

Therefore, exercises are offered that are specifically aimed at developing this ability of the child.

1. The child is lying on his stomach. Place your hand on your child's chin and touch the soles of your feet with your other hand. In response, the child begins to push off with his feet and move forward.
2. The child is lying on his stomach. Place one hand under his chin and the other under his stomach and gently pull the child forward. The child will make crawling movements.
3. Place the baby in an upright position. Hold him by the hips in a sitting position, balancing so as not to upset his balance. The child will try to keep his head and torso upright.
4. Position of the child lying on his back. Take the child by the hands and pull him slightly towards you. He will try to pull himself forward with his hands.
5. Wrap your arms around your baby's belly and hold him face down. The child will raise his head.
6. You also hold the child in weight, but in an inclined-lateral position, clasping either the right or left side. He will raise his head and straighten his legs.
7. Place the child on a support in an upright position. In response, he will straighten his legs, torso, and raise his head. If you slightly pull him forward, he will make a stepping motion.

Repeat each of these exercises for 3-4 minutes, wait patiently for a response, and do not try to help the child perform the necessary movements.

EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SENSORMOTOR SPHERE OF A CHILD IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

The development of the sensorimotor sphere in the first year of a child’s life is the main condition for the development of perception of the surrounding world.
The main task of sensorimotor development is to help the child increase motor activity, accumulate ideas about color, shape, size of objects, etc.

You can work with your child only when he is in a calm state, when he is full and nothing bothers him.

EXERCISE ON VISUAL AND AUDITORY PERCEPTION (FOR A CHILD OVER 7-10 DAYS)

Place a bright toy (ball, rattle, ring) at arm's length in the child's field of vision at a distance of 60-70 cm above his face and wait until the baby's gaze lingers on the toy. After this, begin to swing it to the right, then to the left with an amplitude of 5-7 cm and a vibration frequency of approximately two times per second. Subsequently, move the toy in different directions (right, left, up, down), bringing it closer to the baby at a distance of 20-30 cm and moving it away at arm's length about 1.5 m from the child. The lesson lasts 1-2 minutes, repeated twice in a row, carried out 1-2 times a day. A lesson is also conducted with a toy that makes a quiet, soft sound.
EXERCISE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUDITORY ACTIVITY (FOR A CHILD AGED 25 DAYS AND OLDER)

For this exercise you need a small bell 5-7 cm high. The child lies on his back. You hold the bell at arm's length (the child should not see you) and ring it quietly. Make 2-3 oscillatory movements and let the sound die down. The child listens to the sound. Ring the bell again. Before calling, let the sound fade out. Hold the bell above the baby's chest at a distance of 60-70 cm.

Then tie the bell to the fishing line and move it to the right, muffling the sound. Having moved the bell to a distance of 80-100 cm from the center, ring it lightly, causing the child to search for eye movements and turn his head in different directions. Move the bell to the left in the same way.

Classes are held 2-3 times a day for 3-4 days. Then it is better to take a break for a week, and in the future you can conduct classes during the second and third months of life 1-2 times a week.
EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CHILD’S AUDIOUS AND MOTOR ACTIVITY (FOR A CHILD OVER 1 MONTH)

Hang the rattle-garland at a distance of 60-70 cm. Using ribbons, attach another rattle-garland to it at a distance of 7-10 cm from the child lying on his back. Draw the child's attention to the toys by gently rocking them. Catching the rattle's gaze, the child opens his eyes wide, becomes quiet for a few seconds, and then joyfully throws his hands up, accidentally touching the low-hanging rattle. The top rattle begins to sway, and the baby freezes again, looking at it.

Then a new surge of motor activity occurs, and the baby again pushes his hands onto the lower rattle, setting the upper one in motion. A child can play this game for 5 minutes. After 2-3 days, swap the rattles. Do this exercise for one to two weeks.

EXERCISES TO DEVELOP VISUAL CONCENTRATION (FOR A CHILD FROM 1 MONTH AND OLDER)

Talk kindly to your child as often as possible, trying in every possible way to attract his attention to you and evoke a reciprocal smile. The father holds the baby in his arms in an upright position so that the baby is looking over his shoulder. The mother, speaking affectionately to the child, brings her face closer to him, trying to get into his field of vision. (The distance from which a child can see an adult’s face is 80-100 cm; at a closer distance, it is difficult for the baby to look at the face.) The child joyfully examines the adult’s face, smiles, and coos.

This activity can be done 2-3 times a day.

EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CHILD'S SENSORMOTOR AND SPEECH SPHERE

At 2-3 months, encourage your child to fix his gaze on moving and stationary objects, encourage him to concentrate on an object for a longer period of time.

Take a bright ball in your hand, when the child catches his eye, move the ball from left to right, up and down. At the same time, ask the baby: “Where is the ball? Look, there he is!”

During this period, make extensive use of toys that make various sounds. By moving sounding toys, attract your baby's attention. Ring the toy left, right, top and bottom. Ask: “Where is it ringing? Ding Ding! Where now?"
Give the child the opportunity to make as many palpating movements as possible with his hands. At the same time, the child must see the object that he is feeling. To do this, place an object in the child's hand and draw his visual attention to this object. The shape, size, texture of such objects should be varied, but convenient for gripping.

Pronounce the sounds that you heard earlier from the baby: “abu”, “agu”, “bubu”, “a-a-a”, “o-o”, “ga-ga”, etc.
Encourage your child's every desire to move. Place a soft, beautiful toy at the child's side so that it attracts his attention, and help the child reaching for it to carefully roll over from his back to his stomach.
To teach crawling, place the toy at such a distance from the child that he cannot grab it. Help your baby get closer to her by placing his palm on the soles of his feet so that he can rest and push off.
Play hide and seek with your child. Place a scarf over your head. Ask: “Where is mom? Where did mom hide? Find mom.” Help your child, if he doesn’t succeed, open up yourself and be sure to praise. Now throw the scarf over the child, as if he was hiding himself. “Where is Anyutochka? Anyutka is gone. Where did she run away to? - Take off the scarf: “Ah-ah, that’s where Anyutka is!” Continue playing with your child as long as he finds it interesting, coming up with different versions of this game.
Place the child on your lap and, leafing through a book with colorful images of animals, show and ask the child: “This is a pussy - meow, meow. Show me where the kitty is? This is a dog - aw-aw. Show me where the dog is?” etc. Offer your child different books, look at pictures together, talk to him.
From the second half of the year, when giving your child various toys, call them at the same time (“Lala”, “bi-bi”, “Misha”).
Try to stimulate the child’s object and play activities as often as possible (tapping an object against an object, putting cubes out of a box, throwing an object, removing rings from a pyramid, transferring from one hand to another, etc.).
Form an initial situational understanding of speech addressed to the child and compliance with individual verbal instructions: “kiss mommy,” “give me a hand,” “say goodbye,” “show how big you are.” How, for example, can you develop fulfillment of the request “give me a pen”? You extend your hand to the child and ask “give me a pen,” at the same time you take the child’s hand and put it in yours, gently stroking it and shaking it. Then you release the child’s hand, extend yours again and ask “give me a pen,” slightly guiding the movement of the child’s hand. And so on several times in a row until the child himself reaches out his hand to this instruction.
If you see that the baby is already trying to get to his feet, holding on to the crib, hold a bright toy at such a distance that he can grab it only when he gets up.
Your child is already standing freely, holding the support with his hands. Encourage him to walk. To do this, lure him with gestures, toys or objects that especially attract him.
Give your child colorful cubes (no more than 6 pieces). Show how you can place one cube on top of another and build a tower. Help your child, control his hands and gradually complicate the games, for example, you say: “First give me the red cube, no, this is the yellow one, and the red one is this one. Now green. Where is the green one? etc. Play with cubes of different sizes.
While bathing your child, play with him, for example, the following game: “Come on, Yulechka, let’s wash the doll’s face. Where are her eyes? Where is her nose? Show me. Now let's wash her hands. Where are the doll's hands? Show me”, etc.
Play “Teremok” with your child. To do this, you need to make a house out of cardboard and 3-4 toys: a cockerel, a bunny, a dog, a cat. “Look who lives in the little house? Who, who lives in a low place? Come on, come out, who lives there? Ku-ka-re-ku! Who is this? The cockerel is a golden comb. Here, pet him. Well, go back to the house, cockerel. Who, who else lives in the little house? Who is this little gray guy? This is a bunny. The bunny galloped off to his house again. Who else lives there? Av-av. I'm a dog. Av-av. What a good dog. Look, she ran away and hid. But look, who’s meowing there? Meow meow. Who is this? This is a kitty. Pet the pussy. The kitty ran away. Everyone hid in the house. Let's call them. Lure them with your hands. Everyone came running. Cockerel, bunny, dog, kitty.” When the child remembers the names of all the animals, replace them with others.
EXERCISES TO DEVELOP PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS

For a child from 1.5 months old, massage is a good exercise for the development of psychomotor skills. The massage must be done with warm hands lubricated with baby cream. With light stroking movements, you massage the child's arms from hand to shoulder, then the torso, chest from the middle to the sides, stomach, back from the neck to the buttocks. Next, lightly pinch the buttocks with your fingers, stroking the legs, starting from the foot. Rub your child's feet from toes to heel and back. It is good to do this massage daily, before bathing your baby. The duration of the exercises is 5-6 minutes.
From four months, do special gymnastics with your child.

FOLK GAMES AND Rhymes FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PSYCHOEMOTIONAL SPHERE OF A CHILD OF 1 YEAR OF LIFE

Under the influence of various games and nursery rhymes, the baby learns to receive unconscious pleasure from a special rhythmic intonation that distinguishes nursery rhymes from ordinary speech.

Until the child is one and a half years old, the content is not particularly important. The action itself is important. Such young children appreciate different sounds, phrases and rhythmic structures more.

Nursery rhymes have a complex developmental impact on the psycho-emotional, speech, and intellectual spheres of a small child. Let's give some examples.

“The horned goat is coming.”
Bend over the child, smile, catch his gaze and say:

The horned goat is coming,
There's a butted goat coming,
Legs top top,
With your eyes clap-clap:
“Who doesn’t eat porridge,
Doesn't drink milk
I’ll gore him, I’ll gore him, I’ll gore him.”

“Butt” the child with your fingers, stir him up. Play this game more often and you will see that at first the child will smile, listening to your voice, then he will make joyful sounds and move his arms and legs animatedly. Such a response indicates the development of positive emotions, visual and auditory perception.

“Okay, okay.”
Take the child in your arms and, clapping him with your palms, say:

Okay, okay!
Where were you? - By Grandma.
What did you eat? - Porridge.
What did you drink? - Mash.
We ate porridge,
We drank some beer - Shu-u-u... Let's fly!
They sat on the head.

At the last words, raise the child’s hands to his head. Play this game every chance you get. First, you do all the movements for the child, and then he himself will be able to clap his hands and raise his arms to his head. Attention, memory, conceptual thinking, and emotions develop.

The game “White-sided Magpie” develops fine motor skills of the fingers well, is an excellent stimulus for speech development, and gives the baby joyful physical contact with his mother. Be sure to do this exercise on your right and left hands. Finger massage is very useful.

Games with adults are simply necessary for the baby to develop harmoniously. In addition to a lot of positive emotions and strengthening the relationship between the baby and parents, games help the child learn new words, acquire knowledge about the world around him, practice finger dexterity and much more. This collection contains the 10 best games for children under 1 year old. All games have stood the test of time and will definitely be of interest to your little one.

1. Ladushki

Probably absolutely everyone knows this game, and you don’t even need to memorize the text of the folk nursery rhyme: it’s been in our memory since birth.

Okay, okay,

Where were you? By Grandma.

What did you eat? - Porridge.

What did you drink? - Curdled milk.

We drank and ate,

We flew home(we wave our arms like wings).

...And they flew, flew, flew.

They sat on their heads,

They sang a song(put hands on head).

While pronouncing this poem, the adult rhythmically claps his hands; you can also shake your head and shoulders to the beat. Over time, the baby will begin to repeat your movements. To make it easier for him to master clapping, you can take the child’s hands in yours and thus clap together.

2. Magpie

This is also a well-known and beloved finger game for kids. Take the baby’s palm in your hand, and, tracing a circle with your index finger on the child’s palm, say:

Forty-forty,

Where were you?

Far!

And then, pinching each finger:

She carried water!

I was chopping wood!

I lit the stove!

I cooked porridge!

She fed the kids!

Switch to another handle and pinch each finger in the same way:

Gave to this, gave to this... We reach the last finger: But she didn’t give it to this one. He didn’t carry water, didn’t chop wood, didn’t light the stove, and didn’t cook porridge.

3. Fingers

If, while playing Soroka, we pinched and stretched our fingers, then in this game we will bend them. For each phrase we bend the baby’s finger:

This finger is grandpa

This finger is grandma

This finger is daddy

This finger is mommy

This one is my baby.

That's my whole family!

While saying the last phrase, you can tightly clasp the child’s fist with your palms.

You can play a similar game with your baby before going to bed:

This finger wants to sleep

This finger went to bed

This finger has already taken a nap,

This finger has already fallen asleep,

This finger is fast asleep

And he tells you to sleep.

4. Surprise bag

In a small opaque bag, put various little things that differ in shape and texture. The items in the bag should be of such a size that the child can hold them with his hand, but cannot inhale or swallow them. For example, it could be: a teaspoon, a large piece of construction equipment, a walnut, a piece of faux fur, a belt buckle, etc. We give the “treasury” to the baby and observe with what curiosity and surprise he takes things out of the bag and examines them.

5. Hide and seek

There are a lot of options for this game: you can simply cover your face with your hands and then open it, you can hide behind a door or curtain. You can also hide the baby by covering him with a diaper for a few seconds. Such hide and seek must be accompanied by the words: “Where is mom? Here she is! Where is Vanya? Where did he hide? Here he is!". Or you can simply, meeting the baby’s eyes, speak .

Note to moms!

Hello girls) I didn’t think that the problem of stretch marks would affect me too, and I’ll also write about it))) But there’s nowhere to go, so I’m writing here: How did I get rid of stretch marks after childbirth? I will be very glad if my method helps you too...

6. “Let’s fly and fly”

All kids love to fly under the ceiling, but this game will be physically difficult for mom, so it’s better to involve dad in it. You can lift the baby by the armpits and swing him in different directions, or you can play “airplane”: the child lies on the adult’s forearm with his tummy, dad holds him with one hand under his chest, and with the other he holds his back and lifts him up. To complete the effect, you need to turn on the “sound accompaniment” and depict the sound of a flying airplane.

7. Let's roll the ball

To play you will need a small ball. We seat the child on the floor and sit opposite him. We quietly push the ball to the baby and show what the child should do in response. Very soon the baby will figure out how to act. You can diversify the game by including several balls of different sizes in the process: here’s a big one rolling, here’s a smaller one, and here’s a very small one.

8. Who is there in the mirror?

As children approach one year of age, they love to look at their reflection in the mirror. “Friend from the Looking Glass” becomes a real discovery for them. You can sit with your baby in front of a large mirror, stock up on different caps, hats, panama hats, scarves and try them on one by one, watching how the image of the person changes in the reflection (By the way, there is a superstitious “prohibition” that a child under one year old should not look in the mirror; all this is fiction. ) .

9. Show me where?

With great interest, kids examine parts of their body and learn to show them. For this game you can use toys (dolls, soft toys), or you can play only together. The essence of the game is that the mother asks the baby to show where his ears are, where he wears them, and where his mouth is? You can name parts of the face and body with your favorite soft teddy bear or doll, and then show them on your mother.

10 . Mosquitoes

Another great game for remembering body parts. Connect the index finger and thumb on both hands - you get the “sting” of a mosquito. First we sing a song, “dancing” with our hands to the beat:

Dariki-dariki,

Mosquitoes were flying.

They curled and curled...(“we curl” our arms around the baby)

They grabbed my leg!(lightly pinch with your index finger and thumb, as if stung by a mosquito).

Instead of legs, the song may contain cheeks, arms, tummy and other parts of the body.

Here you can download a mega selection of games with babies by month -

You might be interested in:

Raising a child up to one year old: advice to parents.

Most of these games do not require special settings and “props,” so you can play them in the yard, while waiting in line, or on the road. Despite their outward primitiveness, such games give a child a lot for all-round development. Having mastered the “classics” of games with kids, parents can come up with their own variations - this is welcome.

Video: Educational games from 0 to 12 months

Are you looking for an activity that could keep your child occupied for a long time, and at the same time give him the opportunity to learn something? The ideal solution for young parents who want to keep up with the times and keep up with progress - games for kids! Computer games for kids will not only entertain your little one, but will also take care of his all-round development. Children have fun and learn about the world without requiring unnecessary attention, mothers can finally do chores around the house - isn’t this what science fiction writers dreamed of when they painted us pictures of an ideal world where computers do most of the work for humans?...

Computers and children

At what age can a baby be seated in front of a monitor? In a year, in two, in three? And many progressive parents introduce their children to the fruits of technological progress much earlier - are they right, or is it better to wait a little?

It is impossible to give a clear answer to such a complex question. Ultimately, everyone decides for themselves, but the main thing is to remember when making a decision that the generation of our children is growing up completely different from what we once were. Not only are they not afraid of technology, but they also understand it much better than us - almost from the cradle! And if we talk about harm to vision or to the psyche, then let's be honest with ourselves: watching cartoons on TV is no safer than playing games for kids online, and even for free. On the contrary, if cartoons teach passive contemplation and do not allow the child to fantasize enough, then in toys there is more than enough action and the need to think about every step.

Therefore, if you see that a child is reaching for the computer and wants to master it, there is no need to interfere with him. Everything has its time - but in the realities of today this time comes very, very early!

Golden childhood

The world does not stand still, and more and more is demanded from our kids every day. Previously, children could safely enter first grade without knowing how to read or write - their parents knew for sure that everything they needed would be taught at school. What is there - read and write! Many could not even tie their own shoelaces or button all the buttons on their shirts, and no one looked askance at the clunky kids. Well, what can you do, they are little, they still have time to learn!

Today, much more demands are placed on children. And “they still have time to learn” doesn’t work anymore: after all, while a first-grader is learning to tie his shoelaces, his peers will already have mastered the basics of ballroom dancing, martial arts, English or playing the piano. And from the first steps in his new life, our little dropout risks finding himself in the position of catching up... And the cruel information world changes every second, forces you to constantly learn new things and does not tolerate those lagging behind!

In order to keep up with peers in everything, the baby will have to devote time not only to games, but also to study from the first years of life. But how to do this if the baby does not yet know the word “should” and does not know how to concentrate his attention on boring things? Computer games for kids come to the aid of young parents - a great way to combine fun entertainment with the educational process! The game captivates the child, and knowledge is acquired unnoticed and without tension on his part.

Learning by playing - myth or reality?

Many adults doubt that it is possible to combine pleasant entertainment and truly effective study. It seems to them that either the game will not be interesting, or the educational and developmental component will not be implemented at all. To some extent, these doubts are fair, the line here is very thin, and creating online entertainment that will truly be both interesting and useful for a child is not an easy task!

That is why games for kids are developed by real professionals. While, as a rule, students who are just taking their first steps in developing applications work on the same type of toys for teenagers, they approach the production of children's products much more carefully. As a rule, the team to create a good children's toy includes not only game development specialists who can think through the software implementation! Psychologists, teachers and experienced parents always work in conjunction with IT specialists - people who understand the needs of children and can guide the thoughts of developers in the right direction.

Of course, not all game manufacturers approach their business responsibly. It can be difficult to choose among the many educational toys that are made with soul, but an adult is always able to assess whether his child should play a particular game. In addition, we thought about young parents who don’t have any time to search for games on the Internet, and we independently selected all the best that is on the Internet! At the same time, on our website you can play games for kids online completely free of charge, which means that a vacation for mom will not cost too much for the family budget!

In addition, all educational toys are presented in an online version. This means that you don’t have to download them and install them on your computer: launch games directly from your browser and have fun with your pranksters! After all, children's games are often so good that not only children, but also adults enjoy playing them. Online games for kids are a great way to spend time!

So, don't hesitate! The games for little ones that you can find on our website have been carefully selected specifically so that your children can develop comprehensively. You won't find any scary images or unpleasant scenes in these games. It is very important for us that the games for the little ones that we post on our page really become a good help in the honorable work of all young mothers.

Educational games for children under 1 year old.

Games and activities for developing sensory abilities with children under one year old

When the functions of the visual analyzers are formed (from about 8-10 days from birth), the baby is shown a swaying object with a diameter of 5-7 cm on a rod 18-20 cm long, it is moved to the right, left, up, down, sometimes moving closer to the child’s face, sometimes moving away . The child follows the object. This is a key stage in sensory development: since without special training, a baby will learn to look at objects only by the end of the first month, or even later. When eye movements spontaneously develop, one eye often looks in one direction and the other in the other direction, which can be considered pedagogical neglect at 20 days of age.

Having learned to look at objects, the baby peers at them for a long time. Then, at the age of 20-23 days, you can begin to identify the ability to distinguish objects of different colors - green and red, red and orange and their shades. Green rings with a diameter of 5-7 cm are placed above the baby. By slightly swinging or rotating it on a string, the adult attracts the baby's attention to it, trying not to fall into the baby's field of attention, so as not to distract him with himself, but at the same time be able to observe the child's actions (it is best to sit at his feet). Seeing an object of bright green color, the baby slows down its movements, opens its eyes and mouth wide and, holding its breath, examines the toy for 2-3 minutes without taking its eyes off it. This game-activity is carried out 2-3 times during the day. Gradually, the child spends less and less time looking at the toy, and after three days he stops paying attention to it altogether. Then you should replace the green toy with the same one, but red. The baby examines it for 1-1.5 minutes. It is this fact (the difference in the time of viewing or reacting to novelty) that indicates that he distinguishes between red and green.

After 2-3 days, the red toy can be replaced with one identical in shape and size, but orange. The reaction will be pronounced, as when replacing green with red.

So, the “launch” of vision and the baby’s ability to distinguish toys of different colors are very important achievements of a child in the first month of life and serve as the basis for further successful development.

The development of auditory cues is best facilitated by games and activities using bells and rattles, during which the baby turns to the source of the sound.

In the second month of life, touching the back of the baby’s hand, clenched into a fist, causes it to reflexively open. Closing his palm, the baby grabs the adult’s finger, located 1-1.5 cm from his palm, or a ribbon connected to a high-hanging rattle.

In the third month of life, a unification of the functions of vision and touch occurs. Having accidentally touched a low-hanging toy, the baby thereby sets in motion a high-mounted garland of pendants connected to it. Gradually, he moves on to purposefully feeling and pushing toys, grabbing ribbons, tugging them, enjoying the repeated repetition of actions, the mobility of toys, and the simultaneity of visual, tactile and auditory impressions. In this case, the “launching” of the hand occurs long before the ability to purposefully grasp the toy and freely manipulate it is formed.

At the age of 2.5-3 to 5-6 months, to unite different sensory systems, it is advisable to conduct game-activities that develop the skill of purposefully grasping toys. For this, didactic aids are needed: a rattle, a bell with a handle, a Khokhloma spoon, etc.

Features of the shape, size, texture, color, weight of objects determine the nature of the child’s manipulations, helping to improve his interaction with the objective world.

To develop the skill of grasping objects and manipulating them, the following conditions are necessary: their presence within reach; fixed distance at which they are located; weight, shape, size, adaptability to the baby’s hand; the presence of small and large parts in toys, which helps improve hand movements.

The contradiction between the need to find an object within reach and the imperfection of hand movements leads to the fact that the baby, grabbing a toy, quickly loses it. The smaller the child, the more often a toy that has fallen from his hands is out of reach, and he either does not see it or cannot reach it. To organize the baby’s actions in such a situation, the presence of an adult is required.

At the age of 5-6 to 9-10 months, it is optimal to use a series of small toys combined into small garlands, no more than 20 cm long (longer garlands are dangerous: the child can get entangled in them).

They allow you to optimize the nature of the palpating, grasping, and holding movements of the baby’s hand. Having dropped one part of the garland, he will definitely grab with his fingers either a cord or another part of the garland, thus bringing all the toys closer to him.

To improve the basics of perception, it is necessary, on the one hand, to have a sufficient variety of impressions, but, on the other hand, their endlessly colorful kaleidoscope can lead to superficial perception. Therefore, it is optimal to change toys every 2-3 days and then present the same toys. It is possible to use new parts in story toys.

It is good to complement the tumbler with a tie (about 10 cm long) made of different ribbons, both wide and narrow. This is also important because it is the tie that makes it convenient to pull the toy towards you, preventing it from slipping out of your hands. For dolls, bear cubs, bunnies, etc., it is advisable to change clothing details (hats, panama hats, caps, aprons, bows, etc.). This causes joy in the baby, which contributes to greater concentration and increased impressions.

At the age of 9-10 months to a year, the pedagogical conditions for sensory development are improved taking into account the achieved level of development of the infant and his future prospects.

The leading way of forming sensory experience is the joint (child and adult) performance of actions. If in front of a 9-10 month old baby you put rings or balls in a barrel and by shaking the barrel draw his attention to the missing objects, he still won’t realize that the missing objects are inside. Taking your baby's hand in yours, point it inside the barrel (he can spread his fingers). However, after two or three attempts he begins to look into the barrel and may even knock it over. If an adult holds the keg tightly in his hands and does not allow it to tip over, then the baby has to put his hand inside and get the toys by touch.

Only with the participation of an adult does a child master the ability to insert and remove small objects, remove rings with a large hole from a stationary rod and string rings with a large hole onto it, disassemble and assemble a pyramid, lower objects of different shapes into holes of the appropriate configuration.

At the same age, the baby masters the ability to move objects in a vertical plane. In this regard, he needs to be helped to master the ability to lift the ring up before pulling it towards himself.

By helping a child master horizontal and vertical space, an adult practically contributes to the formation of prerequisites for the development of a sense of perspective.

An important condition for the development of qualitatively new sensory skills, manifested in an increase in hand strength, is teaching the baby to make neat, smooth movements. He understands that he needs to carefully place a cube on a cube; quietly, affectionately stroke (“pity”) mom or dad, grandma or grandpa; do not drag the cat by the tail, but stroke it on the back; quietly hit the tambourine, ring the bell; carefully take the cup (together with an adult) and place it on the table, etc.

Timely sensory development gives the child the joy of communication, active interaction with the environment, serves as the basis for the full development of perception, and leads to high-quality knowledge of the world.

The birth of a baby is not only a great joy, but also a responsibility. Parental responsibilities are not limited to feeding and supervision; it is important to raise a full-fledged personality. And this can be done if you choose the right educational games for children under 1 year old.

It is no secret that a child’s development begins from the first minutes of his life. That is why it is unreasonable to think that if he cannot walk and talk yet, then there is no particular need to study with him.

However, every day is a real discovery for the baby, so you need to constantly develop it, every day complicating the activities and adding other ways to interact with him. We propose to consider the monthly development of the child and determine the most useful activities with small children under 1 year old.

Are you a supporter of learning from the cradle? Research and choose the training program that best suits you.

Basic principles of infant development

The task of parents is not to change the natural growth (physiological and psychological) of the child, but to stimulate the inherent desire to understand the world around him. That's why adults need to remember 5 basic principles for organizing developmental activities.

A one-month-old baby lying in a cradle does not know what a game is and how to invite loved ones to it.

It is the parents who have the responsibility to offer the child appropriate entertainment, and he, in turn, will respond to such initiatives.

Thus, infant games differ significantly from the traditional fun of five-year-old and even two-year-old children.

Therefore, you should not wait for the baby to somehow demonstrate to adults that he wants to play with them.

Taking into account age characteristics

This factor is extremely important for optimal child development, so those parents who think that the baby is exactly the same both at one month and at six months of age are mistaken.

Children's development is progressing in giant strides. As scientists testify, in the first 12 months of life a person receives as much information as he cannot receive in the rest of his life. Moreover, such knowledge is acquired many times more effectively in one year than later.

When working with a child up to one year old, it is important to remember that:

games need to be selected according to age (taking into account every month);
you need to influence the sensory sphere: vision, hearing, smell, touch, tactile sphere;
failure to take into account the age factor is fraught with physical and mental overload.

Taking into account personal characteristics

Of course, it is necessary to take into account the age of the child, but it is also worth taking a closer look at individual characteristics. It is no secret that the development of a baby proceeds at its own pace, so one baby begins to roll over earlier than the conventional norm, and the second - a little later.

Despite the conventionality of normative indicators, the mother should monitor how the child completes tasks that are designed for his age. In this case, developmental delays can be noticed early.

You need to play with your child constantly, according to a certain pattern, introducing activities into the child’s daily routine.

This rule must be taken into account because infants are extremely sensitive to changes in routine moments and react negatively to any intervention or change.

The easiest way is to create a whole game course, which will spell out what time you need to study with your baby and what games are best to play.

Taking into account children's interests

All the rules described above work if parents take into account the child’s interest. You should not start classes when a newborn or 8 month old child:

just woke up;
I recently ate;
irritated by wet or dirty diapers;
suffers from colic, flatulence, teething, and fever.

Games with a newborn baby should be strictly regulated. If at first two minutes are enough, then closer to 12 months, classes can already last 10 minutes. Naturally, the child’s interest must also be taken into account.

Under no circumstances should you overload your baby. In the process of baby development, the principle “the more the merrier” definitely does not work. Chronic fatigue and overwork can significantly harm the mental development of an infant.

The question of what kind of play equipment will be needed for babies under one year old is quite relevant. During this age period, the child is just getting acquainted with the world, so it is necessary to ensure comprehensive development by selecting the right toys.

Play equipment for newborns and infants must meet certain requirements. At the time of buying It is important to pay attention to the following qualities:

attractiveness and brightness (black and white toys are suitable for newborns);
ease;
environmental friendliness of materials;
variety of textures;
ease of care;
no removable parts or fragile elements;
relatively large sizes so that the baby cannot push the toy into his mouth;
absence of loud and sharp sounds that could frighten the baby;
no sharp corners.

It remains to use specific examples to understand which toys are suitable for kids. So, for babies in the first half of life can be purchased:

rattles;
fabric balls;
rings;
mobiles;
mats for development.

As the child grows up, the range of play accessories will expand significantly. For children in the second half of life, it couldn’t come at a better time. will fit:

musical accessories (piano for kids);
a small pyramid with rounded edges;
inserts;
nesting dolls;
sorters;
finger theater;
soft books;
cubes (preferably soft too);
tumblers;
balls.

All these toys should not be presented to the baby at once, since the baby will only be able to play with one or two. Offer these two toys, and after a few days replace them with others so that the child does not get bored.

Below are activities with a child by month from 0 to 1 year. Of course, it is not necessary to follow them exactly, but they should still be taken into account. This will help you create your own early development program.

Games from 0 to 3 months

In the first quarter of life, the child is not very active. This especially applies to newborn babies.

However, useful and effective developmental activities can also be selected for this age period.

Toys, by and large, are not particularly needed during this period. A mother who breastfeeds and soothes him is important for a child. But since the psyche of a newborn is a blank slate, every manipulation by parents is already capable of stimulating child development.

Will help develop newborns the simplest exercises:

loud quiet. When approaching your baby, start talking to him. When changing a diaper, washing your skin, always say. In this case, you need to change the intonation and pitch of your voice. Quiet whispering will lull you to sleep, while loud words, on the contrary, will make you wary.
motherly face. Focusing on a face is an important achievement for a newborn. The mother needs to move slowly left and right so that the baby turns his head and tracks the movements;
observation. During the newborn period, children see black and white objects better, so you need to take, for example, a toy zebra and move it in different directions. The toy should be kept at a distance of 25 cm and changed direction after the baby takes a rest;
mom's voice. So that children's hearing can develop, call the baby by name more often from different corners of the room. This way the child will be able to track the direction of the noise and improve auditory perception.

In the first month of life, the child’s sense of touch is best developed, which is why the mother’s touch is the best simulator for the intellect. In addition, mother’s hands are a guarantee of confidence and security. Therefore, experts recommend regularly massaging a newborn.

Second month

The newborn period ends with the appearance of a revival complex, which is noticeable when the mother approaches. In addition, the child concentrates attention longer, so games with him will be more serious and longer.

bell ringing. Place the baby on his tummy, make noise with a bell in front of him and hang the bell on the edge of the bed. The next time the child hears a ringing, he will turn towards the interesting sound;
tender fingers. When the child is awake, you can stroke his palms and fingers with various materials. It can be knitwear, a silk scarf, a fur jacket, or a coarse knit. Such actions improve the sense of touch;
jumping. A small soft toy should be equipped with an elastic band and hung above the bed. The baby will begin to look at the movement of the object. You can also purchase a special mobile - a more advanced type of pendants;
nursery rhymes. The well-known short poems for every action of the baby are an excellent option for educational games. Mom can recite nursery rhymes during massage, feeding, bathing, and stroking.

Swimming in the bath is not only pleasant fun, but also a corrective activity if the child has. At first, you can simply bathe the baby, and then, holding it carefully, you should just do the “figure eight” exercise.

The child is progressing quickly and is already able to hold his head up, hold small objects in his hands, walk, and watch his own hands. Children also try to roll over because they want to explore the whole world.

Such curiosity will be satisfied the following games:

fitball. Since the baby can spend about 10 minutes lying on his stomach, you can come up with a fun game with a fitball. The child is placed on an inflatable ball, which they begin to gently rock in different directions, while holding the small “passenger”;
rattles The baby again lies on his stomach, and several bright rattles are placed in front of him. As soon as the baby reaches for one of them, you should create support for his feet so that the child tries to push off. This exercise is good for crawling;
dancing. Educational games for children up to one year old cannot be imagined without musical accompaniment. Feel free to turn on your favorite children's song and “invite” the baby to dance. It’s enough just to spin slowly, clap your palms to the beat of the music;
sounding bracelet. Sew several bells onto a strip of knitwear. This “bracelet” should be put on any child’s limb. When moving, the child will hear the ringing and begin to determine its direction, as a result of which an active study of the arms and legs will occur.

Games with mobile phones, reading nursery rhymes, and massage remain relevant. Don't forget about swimming in the bathtub.

Which can be used even at the age of a newborn. Read about these gaming devices in an article by a psychologist.

Games from 4 to 6 months

This age stage is characterized by global changes in child development. First, the child, and then sit down. Secondly, his digestive system becomes more advanced, so parents switch to complementary foods. The classes also become more complex.

This is the time of revolutions, so you cannot leave the baby alone on a surface that is not limited by the sides.

Activities for a 4 month old baby:

talk. The mother needs to bend over the baby and repeat short poems or nursery rhymes in which vowel sounds are clearly audible. In response, the baby will begin to hum, continuing the “conversation” that has begun;
pick ups. Toys of different textures should be placed in children's palms one by one. As soon as the baby has examined the object, it is carefully taken away and the next one is offered. Such finger games prepare the hand for manipulating tableware and writing utensils;
mirror. A small mirror or other unbreakable reflective surface should be attached to the sides of the bed at a distance of 30 cm from the child's face. The baby will be happy to look at his own reflection;
pendants. Shopping mobiles with bright toys, music and a night light are a universal developmental complex. With its help, fine motor skills, attention, and tactile senses are improved.

Four-month-old babies can and should buy various books with bright pictures, but it’s better to take soft ones rather than ordinary paper ones. There are books available for sale that you can take into the bathroom.

At this age, children get tired of lying down and try to sit up and crawl. Such physical activity must be encouraged in every possible way, not forgetting about the development of mental processes.

Classes become more difficult and longer.

balls. These toys come in a variety of varieties. So, the fabric one is useful for the development of grasping, the pimply one is for fine motor skills, and the one with the “filling” in the form of bells is for hearing. There are a lot of options;
"peek-a-boo". Finding a hidden mother is a favorite pastime of five-month-old babies. The mother either hides behind the bed or simply covers her face with her palms, and then appears with an exclamation of “peek-a-boo” to the joyful laughter of children. Fun develops attention and emotions;
jumping. The child strives to take a vertical position when he is supported. Let him jump a little, like a spring, holding him by the handles. It is only important not to put the baby on his feet;
"who's come?". The child reacts emotionally to family members. When, for example, father comes into the room, mother can say the following: “Who came? Dad has come. Who's coming out? This is dad coming out";
name of toys. When giving a child a toy, you should clearly pronounce its name: “This is a doll. Look what a beautiful doll. The doll’s name is Masha.” This expands the child's vocabulary and improves language skills.

You should talk to your child more, even if he is just cooing. Children love it when their mothers mimic them by repeating the syllables “pa-pa-pa” or “ma-ma-ma.”

A child at the age of 6 months is already trying to sit up, some succeed. This broadens their horizons, hence the desire to study all nearby objects.

With small children 6 months old, you can explore toys.

okay. A classic of Russian pedagogy! This fun is simple. The mother recites the rhyme, clapping her palms, and the child repeats the “applause” as much as possible. Very fun and useful;
secret bag. In a small knitted bag you need to put various objects of such a size that they cannot be swallowed. These can be cones, baby dolls, balls, etc. The child pushes a handle into the bag, feels and takes out the object, and the mother names it;
shoulder ride. If the child already knows how to sit, dad can put him on his shoulders and walk around the room or street. This will open wide horizons (in every sense) to understanding the world around us. Naturally, the baby needs to be held;
"flight". For this game it is also better to invite dad, since not every mother will be able to lift the child by the armpits and swing it. Also, the father will be able to do the “airplane”, holding the baby by the chest and lower limbs.

A child who begins to crawl begins to independently explore the surrounding reality, unless, of course, he sits in a safe playpen. It is important to remove various breakable, sharp and other dangerous structures from the crumbs’ sight.

For a six-month-old child, a developmental mat with a mirror, toys of different textures, and a music panel is of particular interest. Your baby will be able to spend a lot of time on this device.

Games from 7 to 9 months

At this age, many children are already actively crawling, while others begin to stand on their feet by the end of the third quarter. Such mobility significantly expands the gaming repertoire. Educational games for babies up to 1 year old are presented below.

Seventh month

Seven-month-old babies are most often “sedentary”, so their arms are free for exercise. Finger games are an excellent option for developmental activities for 7 months. What else can you do to keep your child busy?

"magpie". Popular finger games, when the mother reads a poem and bends the children’s fingers one by one, perfectly improve fine motor skills and prepare the hand for manipulating various small objects;
cereal bag. Small bags are sewn from fabric, which are then filled with buckwheat, peas, beans, and rice. Such homemade gaming accessories form fine motor skills and develop interest in cognition;
squeaking hammer. A hammer with squeakers at the end is designed for tapping on the floor or table. A fairly useful toy for developing coordination, however, not every mother is able to listen to such sounds for a long time;
drum. To create noise, both children's musical instruments and ordinary saucepans and spoons are suitable. Tapping with varying intensities allows you to develop phonetic perception and musical ear;
homemade books. Such books are made from fabric of various textures, buttons, and other small items. Flipping through such “literary works” will captivate the child for a long time, who will even be able to look at it himself.

It is finger games that the main emphasis is placed on from this age. However, it is important to develop not only fine, but also gross motor skills. We'll talk about this in more detail later.

The child is quite mobile, active, and inquisitive. He is interested in literally everything, so it is very difficult to keep him in his crib, and it is not necessary.

Both summer and winter are great times for eight-month-old babies to be active.

"meow, woof, moo". Most children of this age are characterized by an increased interest in all kinds of living creatures. Interest must be satisfied. To do this, the mother shows a picture of a dog and asks: “How does a dog bark?” She answers, and then asks to repeat the crumb;
full bottle. Small plastic containers are filled with cereal or water. The child twists and shakes such objects to see how the cereal crumbles or the liquid gurgles. Such activities help develop vision and hearing;
crawl. At first, the bright toy is placed next to the child, who crawls to get it. As the task is completed, the potential “prey” is moved further away, stimulating the baby to crawl;
"Cuckoo". A variation of the previous entertainment of the same name. The adult takes cover behind a chair, and the child crawls towards her to find her. Then the players change roles, now the baby is hiding, and the mother is trying to find him;
"throwers". This includes soft cubes, squeakers, and other unbreakable objects. This entertainment helps the child understand ways of knowing things. And when the baby grows up a little, you can offer to throw these items into a plastic container;
"third wheel". The child is offered to take two dolls or cars in his hands, and then a new toy is placed in a visible place. Usually the baby quickly realizes that it is necessary to free his hand in order to study the proposed object.

There is no need to discard previous games either. So, a child of 9 months will be interested in a developmental mat. You can also offer a sitting baby a busy board - a sensory board with numerous objects for thoughtful study.

The Montessori board is a very useful toy, so it will be useful for parents to learn how to make it and what is needed for it.

Ninth month

Nine-month-old babies begin to gradually master the vertical position. Children also use their fingers more confidently, showing interest in cutlery. What is useful to do with children of this age:

bath games. Since the baby sits confidently in the bathtub, you can offer him special water toys. There are now a huge variety of them - from banal ducks and boats to various fountains, battery-powered mills;
nesting dolls. The familiar symbol of Russia is ideal for the development of a child. These dolls are suitable for understanding sizes, synchronizing actions, and improving motor skills. Before the lesson, you need to demonstrate the principle of the nesting doll;
pyramids. Wooden or plastic pyramids with a small number of rings will be useful. Assembling and disassembling such toys contributes to the study of shape, color, and develops the synchronization of the actions of hands and eyes;
"mailbox". This toy is a box (usually made of wood or safe plastic) with holes of various shapes into which appropriate objects are pushed. As soon as the child completes the activity, the box opens;
piggy banks. A small hole is made in the lid of the plastic container where you can throw various coins, buttons, and tokens. This toy is then used as a noisemaker or rattle. The main thing is that it is made with your own hands.

Manipulating small objects poses a serious danger for young children, as they can be swallowed. Therefore, such games must be played in the presence of parents.

Games from 10 to 12 months

Closer to the first anniversary, the child becomes more and more inquisitive and skillful. During this age period, parents try to pay increased attention to the baby’s walking and handling of various objects.

10-month-old babies begin to walk. This forces parents to actively develop this particular skill. But you still need to remember about other psychological processes.

For comprehensive development you can use useful games:

skating. With the help of wheeled vehicles, you can show your child how the effort affects the result. For example, if you don’t push the car very hard, it will “stall” quite quickly, but if you apply force, you will have to follow it;
constructor. The simplest versions of construction sets with large parts do a good job of improving visual thinking, gross and fine motor skills, and coordination of actions;
rag dolls. It is necessary to take toys with large facial features. This toy introduces children to the names and locations of parts of the body and face. Mom suggests showing where the doll’s eyes, nose, hands, etc. are;
drawing. On a landscape sheet you need to draw a fish or a house with paint or pencil. Mom thus shows that writing objects leave marks on paper. The child will definitely want to get acquainted with felt-tip pens or paints, but for now he cannot draw on his own;
claps. To teach your child to act by imitation, invite him to repeat basic actions after you. For example, the baby claps his hands, taps his foot on the floor, slaps his knee with his hand, etc.

Don't forget about walking. With the help of the mother, the child moves around the room, and in order to protect him from injury, it is necessary to remove all dangerous objects and cover sharp corners of the furniture.

Eleventh month

Physical activity increases. An 11-month-old child walks and explores the environment with a vengeance. Both physical activity and the development of cognitive skills need to be encouraged. They will come to the rescue many useful activities:

wheelchair. Gurneys were specially designed to improve walking skills. A child, moving a car on wheels, follows it, maintains balance and simultaneously looks at everything around him;
rocking horse. The most popular toy of all times. Under the supervision of parents, the baby swings, thereby improving the vestibular apparatus. This will help speed up the child’s confident walking;
sand games. Modeling Easter cakes, pouring sand into a bucket with a scoop - all this contributes to mastering the skill of using cutlery. In order not to interrupt such a useful activity in winter, you can buy special kinetic sand for your home;
"Caught a fish". There are special fishing rods with magnets on sale that can be used to “catch” various objects. A fun and useful activity that helps your child develop precision movements and motor dexterity;
wind-up toys. This group includes wind-up cars, trains, mice, etc. First, you need to demonstrate the principle of operation of such gaming accessories, and then the child will be able to start the machine independently.

Find out from the article what it is and how to play with it. Parents will also be able to read how to prepare this game material at home.

For children under 1 year of age and even older, toys such as pyramids, magic bags, mailboxes, and nesting dolls are of great interest. Therefore, there is no need to put them away on the shelf if the child continues to be interested in them.

Twelfth month

A 12 month old child is quite an adult. He already looks at well-known games and things differently, so you can experiment by using familiar toys in an unusual light. What a one-year-old baby might be interested in:

Finger paint. A great activity is to put handprints on whatman paper, which can then be turned into various bright drawings - a sun, a tree, a man, an octopus. It is important to choose safe paints for babies;
modeling. Salt dough or special plasticine are accessories that effectively help improve fine motor skills. While the baby cannot sculpt figures, he is quite capable of kneading the plastic mass with his fingers;
"show me the color". 12-month-old babies are able to distinguish primary colors, but cannot yet name them. Parents, taking, for example, a blue rattle, ask the child to show an object of the same color. After a successful attempt, be sure to praise the baby;
"Cinderella". Peas and beans are poured into a small basin, mixed thoroughly and offered to the baby to arrange them in various containers. It is imperative to ensure that the little craftsman does not push these objects into the nose or oral cavity;
"Spiderman". A rubber band is stretched between the heavy chairs so that it resembles a spider web. Mom shows how to get through an obstacle, and then invites the baby to feel like a superhero.

During the game, you need to monitor not the exact execution of the instructions, but the emotional component. It is important to smile at your child, support him and praise him for every action he performs.

A huge plus of all these fun is the absence of special “props”, so the mother will not only develop the baby, but will also save money on purchasing expensive gaming accessories. Well, based on the games described above, parents can come up with their own entertainment. Go for it!