Municipal budgetary institution of additional education
Extracurricular Activities Center
Novourgalsk urban settlement
Verkhnebureinsky municipal district of Khabarovsk Territory
Outline
origami classes:
"Basic Origami Shapes"
Compiled by:
additional education teacher
Lexau Lyudmila Mikhailovna
p. New Urgal
2017 – 2018 academic year
Topic: “Basic forms of origami.”
Target: Maintain a steady interest in Origami.
Tasks:
Introduce children to the basic shapes that form the basis of any craft.
Learn to fold basic shapes, which will allow the child to quickly navigate the variety of origami models and learn the techniques of their construction.
Teach children to accurately connect the corners and sides of a square.
To develop an interest in the art of origami.
Material: visual material on basic origami forms: “Triangle”, “Book”, “Door”; product samples; 6 squares of white paper for each child.
Progress of the lesson:
Org moment.
Guys, the Dragon invites you on a journey through his paper country to learn a lot of new and interesting things! So let's go on a trip?
Well, for the journey, the Dragon, the ruler of the paper country, sent us a magic cube that will help us!
Let's begin! (the teacher throws the dice so that a triangle appears).
2. Getting to know new material.
Oh, look where we got to? What geometric figure can this city be compared to?
The teacher shows various crafts made on the basis of the basic “Triangle” shape (sailboat, fish, tulip and others).
That's right, this is the city of Triangle. All cities in the country designate basic shapes. The basic form is a blank for a craft. So the city is called that, because in this city all the inhabitants are made on the basis of such a blank (the teacher shows the children the basic shape “Triangle”, the children repeat after him, attaches it to the board), it is called the basic shape “Triangle”. Let's learn a poem about a triangle.
I will fold the square sheet diagonally.
What is this? Triangle! Everyone knew right away.
Now, make the basic Triangle shape yourself. When ironing the folds, your fingers turn into irons that press firmly on the paper. (Children complete the task). The teacher once again reinforces with the children the name of the basic shape “Triangle”.
We are in a city called...
Let's guess how: Not a bush, but with leaves,
Not a shirt, but a sewn one,
Not a person, but a storyteller. (BOOK).
You and I found ourselves in the city of “Knizhka”. In this city, everything is done based on the basic “Book” form. (The teacher demonstrates the basic form and attaches it to the board). I think you know how to make a “book” out of a square, let’s try it?! Fold your squares in half, matching two opposite sides.
What is this basic form called? Now do it yourself.
I will fold a square sheet of paper in half.
I can leaf through a thin book.
We also learned something in this city, let’s move on! (The teacher rolls the dice so that the picture of a door falls out and shows crafts based on the basic shape of the “Door” (mushroom, pig, boat, seal and others).
And this is a city called “The Door”. In this city, everything is done based on the basic form “Door” (The teacher demonstrates the basic form and places it on the board).
To fold the basic “door” shape, let’s take our “books” and open them, what did you see there? (fold line)
Now lower the sides to the fold line, look what kind of “door” we have!
Children perform this basic form independently once again.
The “door” is not so difficult to fold:
The doors can be opened in it.
Fizminutka
4. Consolidation of what has been learned.
And now we will make crafts based on these basic shapes.
Look at this map. Now I’ll tell you how to make a bunny’s face using this step-by-step map.
The teacher shows the operation card “Bunny”.
1. You need to fold the square diagonally. The result is a triangle
2. Then you need to bend the bottom side of the workpiece slightly up.
3.The right and left sides need to be folded up towards the center line.
4. Turn the workpiece over and tuck the top corner inward.
5. Then we draw the bunny’s face.So it turned out to be a bunny.
Now, children, let's play. Divide into two teams.
One team will try to tell you how to correctly design a cat's face. And the other is the face of a dog.
Children stand around the table, the map is passed around, and everyone shows and says how to design. If children find it difficult, the teacher helps them.
Well done. All the guys completed the task.
5. Summing up.
Paper Country is very large, here you will also find cities with basic shapes such as “Pancake”, “Kite”, “Double Triangle” and “Double Square”, but you will get to know them later.
- Unfortunately, our journey is coming to an end, but the little dragon hopes that you will visit the paper land of ORIGAMI more than once.
Tell me, did you enjoy the trip?
What basic shapes did you learn to make today?
What was interesting in the lesson?
I really liked the way you all worked today. Thanks everyone for your work.
Basic origami shapes are the basis on which a wide variety of models are created. Some with minimal addition of folds, and some go so far from the “base” that it’s impossible to even keep them away! In addition, many of the simplest basic origami shapes serve as the basis for folding more complex basic shapes. Here we present six of the simplest basic shapes available for preschool children to fold:
Basic origami shape “Triangle” Triangle Basic origami shape “Kite” Basic origami shape “Pancake” Basic origami shape “Book” Basic origami shape “Door” Basic origami shape “House”
The rest of the forms are more difficult to fold. You can see them in the article about basic origami shapes for children 6-12 years old.
The simplest form. We bend a square sheet of paper diagonally. Kids accept this explanation well: we make a “scarf” out of a “handkerchief.” To fold neatly, we connect the opposite corners, hold them with the finger of one hand, and smooth out the fold with the other hand.
Based on the basic “Triangle” shape, you can make with your kids, for example, origami animal faces (from 4 years old), a paper chicken (from 4 years old) or an origami claw model (from 5 years old) and a paper cup (from 5 years old).
Basic origami form “Kite” for children from 4 years old
First, fold the basic triangle shape and unfold it. We have the intended diagonal. Connect the sides of the triangle to this line and the basic “Kite” shape is ready.
Based on this basic form, you can make a modular origami model “Flowers for Mom”
Basic form of origami “Pancake” for children from 5 years old
First fold the square diagonally in one direction. Let's unfold it and fold it into another one. Let's expand the square again. We get two diagonals marked with folds. The intersection of the diagonals is the center of our square. Bend all the corners of the square towards the center.
This is the basic pancake shape.
Basic form of origami “Book” for children from 4 years old
A very simple form - just bend the square in half.
Basic form of origami “Door” for children from 5 years old
Fold the square in half and unfold it. Bend the edges of the sheet to the intended center line. This is the basic "Door" shape
Basic form of origami “House” for children from 6 years old
This is the most complex of the basic forms presented here.
Fold the square in half, connecting the top and bottom sides of the square. Fold the resulting rectangle in half and unfold it. We get the center line outlined by the fold. Bend both sides of the rectangle to this line.
Now the most difficult part of the model remains. On one side, take the topmost layer of paper with the fingers of your right hand and begin to unfold it from the center.
We hold the model with our left hand so that the remaining layers of paper remain in place. When we completely bend the paper, a triangle roof will form on top. Let's smooth it out with our finger. Let's repeat the same on the other side. The result was a house with two “entrances”.
You can use the basic origami shape “House” to create the origami application “Teremok”. More complex basic origami shapes: square, double triangle, fish, bird and catamaran can be found in the article “Basic origami shapes for children 6-12 years old.” To read the diagrams correctly and easily, get acquainted with the basic designations and symbols adopted in origami . But keep in mind that these symbols are intended primarily for you. Children are ready to get acquainted with the elements of these signs only after seven years, and they will be able to “read” diagrams fully no earlier than 10-12 years, when their abstract logical thinking is formed.
Simple basic origami shapes “triangle”, “door” and figures based on them. Valentine's Day. Heartfelt letter for the holiday
- Ilyicheva Valentina Vasilievna, technology teacher
Sections: Technology
Practical work:
Lesson Objectives: make three works using the origami technique based on the basic shapes “triangle” and “door”, using diagrams; think over and decorate the composition festively.
educational:
educational:
Methods of conducting classes:
Means of education:
Form of work organization- individual.
Interdisciplinary connections: history, graphics, mathematics.
I. Organizational moment
Greetings. Checking students' readiness for the lesson.
Lesson topic message. Defining the goal (writing on the board).
To summarize the lesson, I propose to keep a record of the answers and completion of practical work during the lesson and make appropriate notes in the table.
Form for recording student answers and completing practical work (for each student)
Evaluation criteria
— students’ oral answers: “+” — 1 point;
— practical work is assessed on a “5” point system: accuracy, ability to work with a diagram, deadlines; creativity, labor protection.
1. Which country is the birthplace of origami?
2. How is the word “ORIGAMI” translated from Japanese?
Student reports on the topic “History of Origami.”
3. On the basis of what geometric figure are the figures in origami usually folded?
4. What properties of a square do you know?
Appendix No. 1 " Conventional signs adopted in origami and folding techniques"
- learn the international symbols adopted in origami;
- master basic folding techniques;
- know basic shapes and be able to fold them from memory;
- paper, scissors, glue.
III. Control of knowledge and skills
Correctness of answers;
Participation in frontal conversation.
IV. Formation of knowledge and skills
Many origami figures are initially folded in the same way - from a square, which in the first stages of work can be folded in several ways. The resulting blanks are called “basic forms”. There are not many of them - eleven. Every origamist knows them by heart. Many of the figures known in origami start with one basic shape or another. They are very ancient, invented by the Japanese, and each form has its own name. Grouping figures according to basic shapes systematizes a huge number of models.
Appendix No. 2“Basic forms” (on the board).
These methods are the initial stage for other basic forms.
Thus, the “scarf”, which has another name as a basic form - “triangle”, serves as the beginning for the basic forms “kite”, “fish”. From the “book” the basic shapes “house”, “door”, “catamaran” are obtained.
Some basic shapes are formed by combining others.
Many basic shapes have several folding options.
Let's master the simplest basic shapes - “triangle” and “door”.
Basic triangle shape Picture 1
This basic shape can be made from either a square or a rectangle.
I remind you of the rules for working safely with scissors.
These basic forms form the basis of our practical work, which is dedicated to the celebration of Valentine's Day.
On February 14, Europe and America celebrate St. Valentine's Day, the patron saint of all lovers. In recent years, this fun holiday has become popular in our country. In order to take part in it, you need to give a heart to someone you love - mom, dad, sister or brother, grandmother, and maybe a friend you like. Hearts can be anything - made from dough, drawn on a postcard or folded from paper.
A little history.
In 269, Claudius II ruled the Roman Empire. The warring Roman army experienced an acute shortage of soldiers for military campaigns, and the emperor was convinced that the main reason for this was marriages, since a married legionary thinks much less about glory than about family. To preserve the warrior spirit in his soldiers, the emperor issued a decree prohibiting legionnaires from marrying. But this did not make the soldiers fall in love any less, and fortunately for them, a man was found who began to secretly marry the legionnaires to their lovers. He was a priest named Valentine from the Roman city of Terni. As soon as the emperor found out about this, he decided to stop his similar activities, and Valentin was sentenced to execution.
The tragedy of the situation was also that Valentin himself was in love with the jailer’s daughter. The day before the execution, the priest wrote a farewell letter to the girl, where he told about his love, and signed it “Your Valentine.” Subsequently, Valentine was canonized by the Catholic Church, and in 496, Pope Galasius declared February 14 as St. Valentine's Day.
Apparently, it was from there that the custom began to write love notes – “Valentines” – on Valentine’s Day. In addition, people like to organize weddings and get married on this holiday. It is believed that this will be the key to eternal love. Valentine's Day began to be celebrated en masse in Western Europe in the 13th century, and in the United States since 1777.
In Russia they celebrate Valentine's Day.
And in Russia a holiday appeared, designed to be a response to the Catholic Valentine's Day. The new holiday was called “Day of Married Love and Family Happiness.” July 8 is designated Valentine's Day - the day of remembrance of Orthodox saints Peter and Fevronia, who ruled the Murom land in the 13th century. . The couple were models of fidelity and love and the ideal of family happiness. Saints Peter and Fevronia are considered a model of marital fidelity. According to legend, Prince Peter of Murom fell in love with the peasant girl Fevronia, but the boyar nobility was against their marriage because of the girl’s low origins. Peter and Fevronia preferred family life to the princely throne. They lived happily ever after, took monasticism in old age, and died in 1228 on the same day and hour. And although the spouses were buried separately, their bodies miraculously ended up in the same grave. The relics of the spouses rest in the Murom Church of the Holy Trinity Monastery. In 2008, the 800th anniversary of the memory of Saints Peter and Fevronia was celebrated. This holiday is celebrated annually in Murom on July 8th. It has long become an unofficial local Valentine's Day.
V. Continued formation of knowledge and skills
1. What methods of folding a square exist?
2. What is the basic form?
3. How to get the basic shape “triangle”, “door”?
Today we will make three paper figures: “letter with a heart”; “open heart”; “dove”.
A special place in our work will need to be given to the design of our work, thus demonstrating our creative attitude To her. Think in advance about the size of your figures, the colors, what additional elements they will contain (letter, postcard, drawing, decorations), also think about the possibilities of combining the figures, i.e. try to create your own composition
These works can become the very hearts that you give to your loved ones for the holiday.
The basis of the work, as already mentioned, is such basic shapes as “TRIANGLE” and “DOOR”, which you already know how to fold. But to fold the “letter with a heart” and “open heart” figures, we will need to master another frequently used working technique: “bend inward.”
From the strip of paper remaining from the square, make a small square on which we will practice.
Please look at the symbols, what does the dark arrow mean?
Let's learn how to work. (I demonstrate work techniques. Students do the work with me).
Now let's start making the figurine.
Practical work No. 1 “Letter with a heart.”
Figure 5
Let us recall the conventions of folding methods. We carry out the work according to the points of the instruction card: Appendix 3, which determines the sequence of execution and reflects working methods.
The teacher demonstrates working techniques. Students check the correctness of their work with the teacher’s example.
Job requirements: attention, accuracy.
Practical work No. 2. “Open heart.”
This work can be used not only for a holiday. It can be an extremely useful thing. You can store paper clips, pencils, erasers, stickers, stamps in it, any little thing.
You do this work yourself, working according to the scheme. . Appendix 4
Practical work No. 3 “Dove”
To do this work, we need to master one more technique: “bend inward.” It is often used to design the beak on the head of a bird.
VI. Control of knowledge and skills (practical work No. 2 and No. 3)
Creative task: “Design of work”
Come up with your own version of the work design.
VII. Summarizing.
1. Consolidation of material on the following questions:
2) Why is it necessary to know the international symbols adopted in origami?
3) What determines the quality of the work performed?
2. The completed form for recording student work is handed over to the teacher, who sums up the results, notes the best work, student activity, and assigns grades.
2. Conclusion
Origami is an ideal construction set, where thousands of different figures are formed from one piece (sheet). Simple folding techniques and the boundless imagination of people can create an entire world using origami.
Today in the lesson you learned about the origin of the holiday “Valentine’s Day”, you made gifts for this day yourself - two small hearts, having mastered the techniques of working in the origami technique, learned to work with diagrams, tried to create simple compositions from the resulting figures.
Internet resources:
Bibliography:
Applications.
Basic folds and origami shapes
After the first step, getting to know the signs and symbols in origami, it’s time to take the second, which brings us a little closer to this amazing art. Now we need to master the basic patterns of origami - the commonly used simple shapes on which the real pinnacles of the origami work of art are based. And indeed, why clutter up every second diagram if you can study the basic shapes and give the instruction “start with the “square” shape,” instead of repeating the diagram of this very square many times. This will save time and make the diagram clearer.
So, the basic forms of origami: 1. Very simple triangle And rectangle:
2. Pancake or pancake:
3. Water bomb(can you feel the whiff of childhood?):
4, 5. Paper kite (kite), smoothly turning into rhombus Serpent:
And here is a diagram for them. At the fourth stage we get a snake, at the fifth stage the snake is transformed into a rhombus:
Need to understand origami symbols, which help to correctly “read” diagrams for making complex figures. In origami, all symbols are divided into arrows, lines and auxiliary signs.
Let's figure out the lines. In origami, there are two main ways to fold a sheet of paper:
1) " Valley"(concave fold). In the diagrams it is indicated by a dotted line.
2) " Mountain"(convex fold). In the diagrams it is indicated by a dotted line with dots.
Arrows and auxiliary signs on origami diagrams mean the following:
Basic origami shapes
In origami, the base is a simple shape, a starting point, on the basis of which a huge variety of all kinds of shapes are created. From the history of origami it is known that initially 4 basic shapes were considered basic: fish, frog, bird and kite. In Japan, in mastering origami, it was considered mandatory to be able to make three main toys - the most perfect - a crane, a plastic one - a frog, and a complex one - a crab. In addition, there are bases that have Western roots, for example a catamaran.
However, since then, origami has come a long way, and now the following forms are basic:
- Triangle and based on it “kite” or “ice cream”
- Crystal
- The book and based on it - “door” or “cabinet”
- Bird
- Frog
- A double square, and if you turn it inside out, you get a double triangle
- Water bomb (another name for double triangle)
- Catamaran (on its basis paharitas and kusudamas are made)
In addition to this, the following basics are distinguished:
- Crane (this is the basis of many other figures, for example, horse, elephant, star, Buddha mask, etc.);
- Pony (based on it - lanterns, flowers, photo frames, etc.);
- Camel (based on it - hare, carp, flowers, etc.)
- Hat (based on it - frog, rocket, flowers, gorilla, etc.)
- It is better to start making origami with works in which there is no emphasis on basic forms, then using the simplest basic forms, for example, a “kite”. In more complex schemes, as a rule, there is no description of the process of manufacturing the basic form, since it is assumed that it is well known and worked out.
- When making a certain product, you need to make sure that the original sheet of paper corresponds to the required format.
- A novice origamist needs to pay special attention to the accuracy of joining cuts and angles. The accuracy of the product depends on this.
- A common mistake beginners make is that they take the figure in their hands, twist and turn it in different directions, after which it is not easy to return to the diagram. Therefore, unless absolutely necessary, you should not pick up the pieces or rotate them.
- The sharper and straighter the resulting fold, the greater the chance of obtaining excellent quality of the finished product. It is convenient to iron the folds with some round plastic object, for example, a ring of scissors.
- To get an even fold, it is better to bend using a ruler or, for example, bend the paper on the edge of a table.
- When practicing the technique of folding symmetrical bends (for example, making legs, flower elements, etc.), you should not tightly join the folded sides, since when performing the following operations they can overlap each other, causing distortions and defects in the figure.
Epigraph
“I’ve been looking at you with loving eyes for a long timeTo the ancient art of origami.
There is no need for wizards and magicians here,
There is nothing special here,
Do you need to take a piece of paper?
And try to put something together!”
(Kiseleva N.D.) Origami (Japanese - folded paper) is a type of decorative and applied art; ancient art of folding
paper figures. The art of origami has its roots
goes back to Ancient China, where paper was invented.
But for the most part this art developed in Japan.
Classic origami prescribes the use
one sheet of paper without using glue or scissors.
There is a certain set of conventional signs,
necessary to draw a diagram
folding even the most complex product. Bigger
Some conventional signs were put into practice in
mid-20th century by the famous Japanese master Akira
Yoshizawa.
1. “Triangle” shape
1. Arrange the square in a diamond shape.Raise the bottom corner, aligning
it with the top corner.
2. The resulting workpiece has the shape
isosceles rectangular
triangle.
When folding the figures, the basic
triangle shape can
positioned differently. Habitual
position - when the bottom side
the largest, that is, the base
isosceles triangle.
The triangle can also be
located at a right angle downwards. This
not quite the usual position gave
another name for this basic form is
"kerchief"
2. Kite form
1. Place the square"diamond". Bend it over
diagonals.
2. Lower the top sides from
vertices of the upper corner to the line
inflection.
3. The basic shape is really
resembles a kite. But
these days she has acquired and
other name -
"ice cream". Turn
basic right angle shape
up and you will see the "sugar
tube."
3. Door shape
1. Fold the squarecombining opposites
sides.
2. Lower the sides to the line
inflection.
3. The basic shape is similar to
elevator doors or
double door wardrobe,
that's why they call her
"door" (preferred)
or "closet".
4. Pancake shape
1. Fold the square in half alongdiagonals, marking the center
square at the intersection
bend lines.
2. Lower all corners one by one
to the center of the square.
3. Basic pancake shape
has a square shape and
doesn't look round at all
damn, but rather reminiscent
envelope (letter).
5. “Double House” form
1. Place the square"window". Bend a square
in half, combining
opposite sides.
2. Fold the rectangle
in half, combining short
sides.
3. Fold the side parts,
lowering the short sides to
inflection lines.
4. Unfold and flatten
"pocket".
5. Open and flatten the second
"pocket".
6. The basic form consists of two
houses.
6. Double triangle shape
"Double Triangle" is not the only name for this basic shape.Another name - “water bomb” - comes from the figure from this
basic form. The basic "double triangle" shape has two visible
triangular planes. A closed (“blind”) corner has formed in the center
original square.
1. Fold the square diagonally.
Turn it over.
2. Fold in half, matching
top and bottom sides.
3. Press down on the center of the square.
Concave the side triangles,
folding them in half. Wherein
the top of the square will bend to
the other side.
4. Flip through the figure, changing
corners in places.
5. Basic form "double"
triangle".
7. Double Square Shape
This basic form has two visiblesquare planes, non-opening (“blind”)
the angle formed at the center of the initial shape
(square), and a drop-down corner located
opposite “deaf” and formed by angles
square.
1. Fold the square twice
in half, combining
opposite sides.
Turn it over.
2. Fold along diagonals.
3. Bend the side squares,
folding them in half and
lowering the top down from
myself.
4. Basic form "double"
square".
8. Fish shape
Basic shape foldsbased on basic form
"kite".
1. Flip the base shape
"kite".
2. Bend, matching the vertices
lower and upper corners.
Turn.
3. Pull out the pocket corner
up.
4. Extend the corner of the other
"pocket".
Fish shape (continued)
1. The resulting workpiece -short version of the basic
fish shape -
turns into a long one
option. Pick one up
bottom corner.
2. Turn over.
3. Basic fish shape.
9. “Catamaran” shape
1. Fold the basic shape"door". Turn it over.
2. Bend the piece in half.
3. Fold the bottom over.
4. Open the “pockets” and
flatten them by combining
top sides
sides raised
from the middle, and pulling
bottom corners to the sides.
Form "Catamaran" (continued)
1. It turns out to be a boat.Turn it over.
2. Fold, combining
bottom and top sides.
3. Open your “pockets”
getting a second boat.
4. Basic form in the form
double boat -
"catamaran".
10.Bird shape
The basic "bird" shape is folded on the basebasic “double square” shape.
1. Bend the sides away from
drop-down angle to
inflection lines.
2. Bend the “blind” corner.
3. Unbend the corners.
4. Lift up the bottom
part, capturing one layer
paper and holding
"blind" corner.
5. In this case, the side parts
will be in the center.
Bird Shape (continued)
1. Half of the basic formThe "bird" is ready. Turn it over.
2. Bend the “blind” and side
corners.
3. Open the “pocket” by pulling
bottom up.
4. The basic bird shape has
“blind” corner, two wing corners and
two corner legs. Basic form
got this name because
from it you can add various
bird models.
The basic bird shape has two
types: long and short.
The short version is obtained if
lower the upper wing corners.
Making basic shapes on a sheet of cardboard
Options for technological maps of products (step-by-step execution)
Wonderful origami crafts
Contact Information
Soroka Natalya Pavlovna,teacher MDK.02.04
"Workshop on HOM"
SPb GBPOU "Pedagogical
College No. 8"
Email:
Good luck in your creativity!
